IO::Async::Function(3)

NAME
"IO::Async::Function" - call a function asynchronously

SYNOPSIS
 use IO::Async::Function;

 use IO::Async::Loop;
 my $loop = IO::Async::Loop->new;

 my $function = IO::Async::Function->new(
    code => sub {
       my ( $number ) = @_;
       return is_prime( $number );
    },
 );

 $loop->add( $function );

 $function->call(
    args => [ 123454321 ],
    on_return => sub {
       my $isprime = shift;
       print "123454321 " . ( $isprime ? "is" : "is not" ) . " a prime number\n";
    },
    on_error => sub {
       print STDERR "Cannot determine if it's prime - $_[0]\n";
    },
 );

 $loop->run;

DESCRIPTION
This subclass of IO::Async::Notifier wraps a function body in a collection of worker processes, to allow it to execute independently of the main process. The object acts as a proxy to the function, allowing invocations to be made by passing in arguments, and invoking a continuation in the main process when the function returns.

The object represents the function code itself, rather than one specific invocation of it. It can be called multiple times, by the "call" method. Multiple outstanding invocations can be called; they will be dispatched in the order they were queued. If only one worker process is used then results will be returned in the order they were called. If multiple are used, then each request will be sent in the order called, but timing differences between each worker may mean results are returned in a different order.

Since the code block will be called multiple times within the same child process, it must take care not to modify any of its state that might affect subsequent calls. Since it executes in a child process, it cannot make any modifications to the state of the parent program. Therefore, all the data required to perform its task must be represented in the call arguments, and all of the result must be represented in the return values.

The Function object is implemented using an IO::Async::Routine with two IO::Async::Channel objects to pass calls into and results out from it.

The "IO::Async" framework generally provides mechanisms for multiplexing IO tasks between different handles, so there aren't many occasions when such an asynchronous function is necessary. Two cases where this does become useful are:

1.  When a large amount of computationally-intensive work needs to be performed (for example, the "is_prime" test in the example in the "SYNOPSIS").

2.  When a blocking OS syscall or library-level function needs to be called, and no nonblocking or asynchronous version is supplied. This is used by "IO::Async::Resolver".

This object is ideal for representing "pure" functions; that is, blocks of code which have no stateful effect on the process, and whose result depends only on the arguments passed in. For a more general co-routine ability, see also IO::Async::Routine.

PARAMETERS
The following named parameters may be passed to "new" or "configure":

code => CODE
    The body of the function to execute.

model => "spawn" | "thread"
    Optional. Requests a specific "IO::Async::Routine" model. If not supplied, leaves the default choice up to Routine.

min_workers => INT
max_workers => INT
    The lower and upper bounds of worker processes to try to keep running. The actual number running at any time will be kept somewhere between these bounds according to load.

max_worker_calls => INT
    Optional. If provided, stop a worker process after it has processed this number of calls. (New workers may be started to replace stopped ones, within the bounds given above).

idle_timeout => NUM
    Optional. If provided, idle worker processes will be shut down after this amount of time, if there are more than "min_workers" of them.

exit_on_die => BOOL
    Optional boolean, controls what happens after the "code" throws an exception. If missing or false, the worker will continue running to process more requests. If true, the worker will be shut down. A new worker might be constructed by the "call" method to replace it, if necessary.

setup => ARRAY
    Optional array reference. Specifies the "setup" key to pass to the underlying IO::Async::Process when setting up new worker processes.

METHODS

  $function->start
Start the worker processes

  $function->stop
Stop the worker processes

  $function->restart
Gracefully stop and restart all the worker processes.

  $function->call( %params )
Schedules an invocation of the contained function to be executed on one of the worker processes. If a non-busy worker is available now, it will be called immediately. If not, it will be queued and sent to the next free worker that becomes available.

The request will already have been serialised by the marshaller, so it will be safe to modify any referenced data structures in the arguments after this call returns.

The %params hash takes the following keys:

args => ARRAY
    A reference to the array of arguments to pass to the code.

on_result => CODE
    A continuation that is invoked when the code has been executed. If the code returned normally, it is called as:

     $on_result->( 'return', @values )

    If the code threw an exception, or some other error occured such as a closed connection or the process died, it is called as:

     $on_result->( 'error', $exception_name )

on_return => CODE and on_error => CODE
    An alternative to "on_result". Two continuations to use in either of the circumstances given above. They will be called directly, without the leading 'return' or 'error' value.

  $future = $function->call( %params )
When returning a future, the "on_result", "on_return" and "on_error" continuations are optional.

  $count = $function->workers
Returns the total number of worker processes available

  $count = $function->workers_busy
Returns the number of worker processes that are currently busy

  $count = $function->workers_idle
Returns the number of worker processes that are currently idle

NOTES
For the record, 123454321 is 11111 * 11111, a square number, and therefore not prime.

AUTHOR
Paul Evans <leonerd@leonerd.org.uk>