/** @file unicode.h
 * @brief Unicode and UTF-8 related classes and functions.
 */
/* Copyright (C) 2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011 Olly Betts
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 * Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301 USA
 */

#ifndef XAPIAN_INCLUDED_UNICODE_H
#define XAPIAN_INCLUDED_UNICODE_H

#include <xapian/visibility.h>

#include <string>

namespace Xapian {

/** An iterator which returns Unicode character values from a UTF-8 encoded
 *  string.
 */
class XAPIAN_VISIBILITY_DEFAULT Utf8Iterator {
    const unsigned char *p;
    const unsigned char *end;
    mutable unsigned seqlen;

    void calculate_sequence_length() const;

    unsigned get_char() const;

    Utf8Iterator(const unsigned char *p_, const unsigned char *end_, unsigned seqlen_)
	: p(p_), end(end_), seqlen(seqlen_) { }

  public:
    /** Return the raw const char * pointer for the current position. */
    const char * raw() const {
	return reinterpret_cast<const char *>(p ? p : end);
    }

    /** Return the number of bytes left in the iterator's buffer. */
    size_t left() const { return p ? end - p : 0; }

    /** Assign a new string to the iterator.
     *
     *  The iterator will forget the string it was iterating through, and
     *  return characters from the start of the new string when next called.
     *  The string is not copied into the iterator, so it must remain valid
     *  while the iteration is in progress.
     *
     *  @param p_ A pointer to the start of the string to read.
     *
     *  @param len The length of the string to read.
     */
    void assign(const char *p_, size_t len) {
	if (len) {
	    p = reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(p_);
	    end = p + len;
	    seqlen = 0;
	} else {
	    p = NULL;
	}
    }

    /** Assign a new string to the iterator.
     *
     *  The iterator will forget the string it was iterating through, and
     *  return characters from the start of the new string when next called.
     *  The string is not copied into the iterator, so it must remain valid
     *  while the iteration is in progress.
     *
     *  @param s The string to read.  Must not be modified while the iteration
     *		 is in progress.
     */
    void assign(const std::string &s) { assign(s.data(), s.size()); }

    /** Create an iterator given a pointer to a null terminated string.
     *
     *  The iterator will return characters from the start of the string when
     *  next called.  The string is not copied into the iterator, so it must
     *  remain valid while the iteration is in progress.
     *
     *  @param p_ A pointer to the start of the null terminated string to read.
     */
    explicit Utf8Iterator(const char *p_);

    /** Create an iterator given a pointer and a length.
     *
     *  The iterator will return characters from the start of the string when
     *  next called.  The string is not copied into the iterator, so it must
     *  remain valid while the iteration is in progress.
     *
     *  @param p_ A pointer to the start of the string to read.
     *
     *  @param len The length of the string to read.
     */
    Utf8Iterator(const char *p_, size_t len) { assign(p_, len); }

    /** Create an iterator given a string.
     *
     *  The iterator will return characters from the start of the string when
     *  next called.  The string is not copied into the iterator, so it must
     *  remain valid while the iteration is in progress.
     *
     *  @param s The string to read.  Must not be modified while the iteration
     *		 is in progress.
     */
    Utf8Iterator(const std::string &s) { assign(s.data(), s.size()); }

    /** Create an iterator which is at the end of its iteration.
     *
     *  This can be compared to another iterator to check if the other iterator
     *  has reached its end.
     */
    Utf8Iterator() : p(NULL), end(0), seqlen(0) { }

    /** Get the current Unicode character value pointed to by the iterator.
     *
     *  If an invalid UTF-8 sequence is encountered, then the byte values
     *  comprising it are returned until valid UTF-8 or the end of the input is
     *  reached.
     *
     *  Returns unsigned(-1) if the iterator has reached the end of its buffer.
     */
    unsigned operator*() const;

    /** Move forward to the next Unicode character.
     *
     *  @return An iterator pointing to the position before the move.
     */
    Utf8Iterator operator++(int) {
	// If we've not calculated seqlen yet, do so.
	if (seqlen == 0) calculate_sequence_length();
	const unsigned char *old_p = p;
	unsigned old_seqlen = seqlen;
	p += seqlen;
	if (p == end) p = NULL;
	seqlen = 0;
	return Utf8Iterator(old_p, end, old_seqlen);
    }

    /** Move forward to the next Unicode character.
     *
     *  @return A reference to this object.
     */
    Utf8Iterator & operator++() {
	if (seqlen == 0) calculate_sequence_length();
	p += seqlen;
	if (p == end) p = NULL;
	seqlen = 0;
	return *this;
    }

    /** Test two Utf8Iterators for equality.
     *
     *  @param other	The Utf8Iterator to compare this one with.
     *  @return true iff the iterators point to the same position.
     */
    bool operator==(const Utf8Iterator &other) const { return p == other.p; }

    /** Test two Utf8Iterators for inequality.
     *
     *  @param other	The Utf8Iterator to compare this one with.
     *  @return true iff the iterators do not point to the same position.
     */
    bool operator!=(const Utf8Iterator &other) const { return p != other.p; }

    /// We implement the semantics of an STL input_iterator.
    //@{
    typedef std::input_iterator_tag iterator_category;
    typedef unsigned value_type;
    typedef size_t difference_type;
    typedef const unsigned * pointer;
    typedef const unsigned & reference;
    //@}
};

/// Functions associated with handling Unicode characters.
namespace Unicode {

/** Each Unicode character is in exactly one of these categories. */
typedef enum {
    UNASSIGNED,
    UPPERCASE_LETTER,
    LOWERCASE_LETTER,
    TITLECASE_LETTER,
    MODIFIER_LETTER,
    OTHER_LETTER,
    NON_SPACING_MARK,
    ENCLOSING_MARK,
    COMBINING_SPACING_MARK,
    DECIMAL_DIGIT_NUMBER,
    LETTER_NUMBER,
    OTHER_NUMBER,
    SPACE_SEPARATOR,
    LINE_SEPARATOR,
    PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR,
    CONTROL,
    FORMAT,
    PRIVATE_USE,
    SURROGATE,
    CONNECTOR_PUNCTUATION,
    DASH_PUNCTUATION,
    OPEN_PUNCTUATION,
    CLOSE_PUNCTUATION,
    INITIAL_QUOTE_PUNCTUATION,
    FINAL_QUOTE_PUNCTUATION,
    OTHER_PUNCTUATION,
    MATH_SYMBOL,
    CURRENCY_SYMBOL,
    MODIFIER_SYMBOL,
    OTHER_SYMBOL
} category;

namespace Internal {
    /** @private @internal Extract the information about a character from the
     *  Unicode character tables.
     *
     *  ch must be a valid Unicode character value (i.e. < 0x110000)
     */
    XAPIAN_VISIBILITY_DEFAULT
    int get_character_info(unsigned ch);

    /** @private @internal Extract how to convert the case of a Unicode
     *  character from its info.
     */
    inline int get_case_type(int info) { return ((info & 0xe0) >> 5); }

    /** @private @internal Extract the category of a Unicode character from its
     *  info.
     */
    inline category get_category(int info) { return static_cast<category>(info & 0x1f); }

    /** @private @internal Extract the delta to use for case conversion of a
     *  character from its info.
     */
    inline int get_delta(int info) {
	/* It's implementation defined if sign extension happens on right shift
	 * of a signed int, hence the conditional (hopefully the compiler will
	 * spot this and optimise it to a sign-extending shift on architectures
	 * with a suitable instruction).
	 */
#ifdef __GNUC__
	// GCC 4.7.1 doesn't optimise the more complex expression down
	// (reported as http://gcc.gnu.org/PR55299), but the documented
	// behaviour for GCC is that right shift of a signed integer performs
	// sign extension:
	// http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-4.7.2/gcc/Integers-implementation.html
	return info >> 15;
#else
	return (info >= 0) ? (info >> 15) : (~(~info >> 15));
#endif
    }
}

/** Convert a single non-ASCII Unicode character to UTF-8.
 *
 *  This is intended mainly as a helper method for to_utf8().
 *
 *  @param ch	The character (which must be > 128) to write to @a buf.
 *  @param buf	The buffer to write the character to - it must have
 *		space for (at least) 4 bytes.
 *
 *  @return	The length of the resultant UTF-8 character in bytes.
 */
XAPIAN_VISIBILITY_DEFAULT
unsigned nonascii_to_utf8(unsigned ch, char * buf);

/** Convert a single Unicode character to UTF-8.
 *
 *  @param ch	The character to write to @a buf.
 *  @param buf	The buffer to write the character to - it must have
 *		space for (at least) 4 bytes.
 *
 *  @return	The length of the resultant UTF-8 character in bytes.
 */
inline unsigned to_utf8(unsigned ch, char *buf) {
    if (ch < 128) {
	*buf = static_cast<unsigned char>(ch);
	return 1;
    }
    return Xapian::Unicode::nonascii_to_utf8(ch, buf);
}

/** Append the UTF-8 representation of a single Unicode character to a
 *  std::string.
 */
inline void append_utf8(std::string &s, unsigned ch) {
    char buf[4];
    s.append(buf, to_utf8(ch, buf));
}

/// Return the category which a given Unicode character falls into.
inline category get_category(unsigned ch) {
    // Categorise non-Unicode values as UNASSIGNED.
    if (ch >= 0x110000) return Xapian::Unicode::UNASSIGNED;
    return Internal::get_category(Internal::get_character_info(ch));
}

/// Test if a given Unicode character is "word character".
inline bool is_wordchar(unsigned ch) {
    const unsigned int WORDCHAR_MASK =
	    (1 << Xapian::Unicode::UPPERCASE_LETTER) |
	    (1 << Xapian::Unicode::LOWERCASE_LETTER) |
	    (1 << Xapian::Unicode::TITLECASE_LETTER) |
	    (1 << Xapian::Unicode::MODIFIER_LETTER) |
	    (1 << Xapian::Unicode::OTHER_LETTER) |
	    (1 << Xapian::Unicode::NON_SPACING_MARK) |
	    (1 << Xapian::Unicode::ENCLOSING_MARK) |
	    (1 << Xapian::Unicode::COMBINING_SPACING_MARK) |
	    (1 << Xapian::Unicode::DECIMAL_DIGIT_NUMBER) |
	    (1 << Xapian::Unicode::LETTER_NUMBER) |
	    (1 << Xapian::Unicode::OTHER_NUMBER) |
	    (1 << Xapian::Unicode::CONNECTOR_PUNCTUATION);
    return ((WORDCHAR_MASK >> get_category(ch)) & 1);
}

/// Test if a given Unicode character is a whitespace character.
inline bool is_whitespace(unsigned ch) {
    const unsigned int WHITESPACE_MASK =
	    (1 << Xapian::Unicode::CONTROL) | // For TAB, CR, LF, FF.
	    (1 << Xapian::Unicode::SPACE_SEPARATOR) |
	    (1 << Xapian::Unicode::LINE_SEPARATOR) |
	    (1 << Xapian::Unicode::PARAGRAPH_SEPARATOR);
    return ((WHITESPACE_MASK >> get_category(ch)) & 1);
}

/// Test if a given Unicode character is a currency symbol.
inline bool is_currency(unsigned ch) {
    return (get_category(ch) == Xapian::Unicode::CURRENCY_SYMBOL);
}

/// Convert a Unicode character to lowercase.
inline unsigned tolower(unsigned ch) {
    int info;
    // Leave non-Unicode values unchanged.
    if (ch >= 0x110000 || !(Internal::get_case_type((info = Xapian::Unicode::Internal::get_character_info(ch))) & 2))
	return ch;
    return ch + Internal::get_delta(info);
}

/// Convert a Unicode character to uppercase.
inline unsigned toupper(unsigned ch) {
    int info;
    // Leave non-Unicode values unchanged.
    if (ch >= 0x110000 || !(Internal::get_case_type((info = Xapian::Unicode::Internal::get_character_info(ch))) & 4))
	return ch;
    return ch - Internal::get_delta(info);
}

/// Convert a UTF-8 std::string to lowercase.
inline std::string
tolower(const std::string &term)
{
    std::string result;
    result.reserve(term.size());
    for (Utf8Iterator i(term); i != Utf8Iterator(); ++i) {
	append_utf8(result, tolower(*i));
    }
    return result;
}

/// Convert a UTF-8 std::string to uppercase.
inline std::string
toupper(const std::string &term)
{
    std::string result;
    result.reserve(term.size());
    for (Utf8Iterator i(term); i != Utf8Iterator(); ++i) {
	append_utf8(result, toupper(*i));
    }
    return result;
}

}

}

#endif // XAPIAN_INCLUDED_UNICODE_H
