sys — stdlib v6.0.1

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# View Source sys behaviour (stdlib v6.0.1)

A functional interface to system messages.

This module contains functions for sending system messages used by programs, and messages used for debugging purposes.

Functions used for implementation of processes are also expected to understand system messages, such as debug messages and code change. These functions must be used to implement the use of system messages for a process; either directly, or through standard behaviors, such as `gen_server`.

The default time-out is 5000 ms, unless otherwise specified. `timeout` defines the time to wait for the process to respond to a request. If the process does not respond, the function evaluates `exit({timeout, {M, F, A}})`.

The functions make references to a debug structure. The debug structure is a list of `dbg_opt/0`, which is an internal data type used by function `handle_system_msg/6`. No debugging is performed if it is an empty list.

## System Messages

Processes that are not implemented as one of the standard behaviors must still understand system messages. The following three messages must be understood:

- Plain system messages. These are received as `{system, From, Msg}`. The content and meaning of this message are not interpreted by the receiving process module. When a system message is received, function `handle_system_msg/6` is called to handle the request.

- Shutdown messages. If the process traps exits, it must be able to handle a shutdown request from its parent, the supervisor. The message `{'EXIT', Parent, Reason}` from the parent is an order to terminate. The process must terminate when this message is received, normally with the same `Reason` as `Parent`.

- If the modules used to implement the process change dynamically during runtime, the process must understand one more message. An example is the `gen_event` processes. The message is `{_Label, {From, Ref}, get_modules}`. The reply to this message is `From ! {Ref, Modules}`, where `Modules` is a list of the currently active modules in the process.

  This message is used by the release handler to find which processes that execute a certain module. The process can later be suspended and ordered to perform a code change for one of its modules.

## System Events

When debugging a process with the functions of this module, the process generates system_events, which are then treated in the debug function. For example, `trace` formats the system events to the terminal.

Four predefined system events are used when a process receives or sends a message. The process can also define its own system events. It is always up to the process itself to format these events.

# Summary

## Types

dbg_fun()
dbg_opt()

See the introduction of this manual page.

debug_option()
format_fun()
name()
system_event()

Debug events produced by `gen_server`, `gen_statem` and `gen_event`

## Process Implementation Functions

debug_options(Options)

Can be used by a process that initiates a debug structure from a list of options. The values of argument `Opt` are the same as for the corresponding functions.

get_debug(Item, Debug, Default) deprecated

Gets the data associated with a debug option. `Default` is returned if `Item` is not found. Can be used by the process to retrieve debug data for printing before it terminates.

get_log(Debug)

Returns the logged system events in the debug structure, that is the last argument to `handle_debug/4`.

handle_debug(Debug, FormFunc, Extra, Event)

This function is called by a process when it generates a system event. `FormFunc` is a formatting function, called as `FormFunc(Device, Event, Extra)` to print the events, which is necessary if tracing is activated. `Extra` is any extra information that the process needs in the format function, for example, the process name.

handle_system_msg(Msg, From, Parent, Module, Debug, Misc)

This function is used by a process module to take care of system messages. The process receives a `{system, From, Msg}` message and passes `Msg` and `From` to this function.

print_log(Debug)

Prints the logged system events in the debug structure, using `FormFunc` as defined when the event was generated by a call to `handle_debug/4`.

## Callbacks

system_code_change(Misc, Module, OldVsn, Extra)

Called from `handle_system_msg/6` when the process is to perform a code change. The code change is used when the internal data structure has changed. This function converts argument `Misc` to the new data structure. `OldVsn` is attribute vsn of the old version of the `Module`. If no such attribute is defined, the atom `undefined` is sent.

system_continue(Parent, Debug, Misc)

Called from `handle_system_msg/6` when the process is to continue its execution (for example, after it has been suspended). This function never returns.

system_get_state(Misc)

Called from `handle_system_msg/6` when the process is to return a term that reflects its current state. `State` is the value returned by `get_state/2`.

system_replace_state(StateFun, Misc)

Called from `handle_system_msg/6` when the process is to replace its current state. `NState` is the value returned by `replace_state/3`.

system_terminate(Reason, Parent, Debug, Misc)

Called from `handle_system_msg/6` when the process is to terminate. For example, this function is called when the process is suspended and its parent orders shutdown. It gives the process a chance to do a cleanup. This function never returns.

## Functions

change_code(Name, Module, OldVsn, Extra)

Equivalent to `change_code(Name, Module, OldVsn, Extra, 5000)`.

change_code(Name, Module, OldVsn, Extra, Timeout)

Tells the process to change code.

get_state(Name)

Equivalent to `get_state(Name, 5000)`.

get_state(Name, Timeout)

Gets the state of the process.

get_status(Name)

Equivalent to `get_status(Name, 5000)`.

get_status(Name, Timeout)

Gets the status of the process.

install(Name, FuncSpec)

Equivalent to `install(Name, FuncSpec, 5000)`.

install(Name, FuncSpec, Timeout)

Enables installation of alternative debug functions. An example of such a function is a trigger, a function that waits for some special event and performs some action when the event is generated. For example, turning on low-level tracing.

log(Name, Flag)

Equivalent to `log(Name, Flag, 5000)`.

log(Name, Flag, Timeout)

Turns the logging of system events on or off. If on, a maximum of `N` events are kept in the debug structure (default is 10).

log_to_file(Name, Flag)

Equivalent to `log_to_file(Name, FileName, 5000)`.

log_to_file(Name, Flag, Timeout)

Enables or disables the logging of all system events in text format to the file. The events are formatted with a function that is defined by the process that generated the event (with a call to `handle_debug/4`). The file is opened with encoding UTF-8.

no_debug(Name)

Equivalent to `no_debug(Name, 5000)`.

no_debug(Name, Timeout)

Turns off all debugging for the process. This includes functions that are installed explicitly with function `install/2,3`, for example, triggers.

remove(Name, FuncOrFuncId)

Equivalent to `remove(Name, FuncOrFuncId, 5000)`.

remove(Name, FuncOrFuncId, Timeout)

Removes an installed debug function from the process. `Func` or `FuncId` must be the same as previously installed.

replace_state(Name, StateFun)

Equivalent to `replace_state(Name, StateFun, 5000)`.

replace_state(Name, StateFun, Timeout)

Replaces the state of the process, and returns the new state.

resume(Name)

Equivalent to `resume(Name, 5000)`.

resume(Name, Timeout)

Resumes a suspended process.

statistics(Name, Flag)

Equivalent to `statistics(Name, Flag, 5000)`.

statistics(Name, Flag, Timeout)

Enables or disables the collection of statistics. If `Flag` is `get`, the statistical collection is returned.

suspend(Name)

Equivalent to `suspend(Name, 5000)`.

suspend(Name, Timeout)

Suspends the process. When the process is suspended, it only responds to other system messages, but not other messages.

terminate(Name, Reason)

Equivalent to `terminate(Name, Reason, 5000)`.

terminate(Name, Reason, Timeout)

Orders the process to terminate with the specified `Reason`. The termination is done asynchronously, so it is not guaranteed that the process is terminated when the function returns.

trace(Name, Flag)

Equivalent to `trace(Name, Flag, 5000)`.

trace(Name, Flag, Timeout)

Prints all system events on `standard_io`. The events are formatted with a function that is defined by the process that generated the event (with a call to `handle_debug/4`).

# Types

Link to this type

# dbg_fun()

View Source

    -type dbg_fun() ::
              fun((FuncState :: _, Event :: system_event(), ProcState :: _) -> done | (NewFuncState :: _)).

Link to this opaque

# dbg_opt()

View Source

    -opaque dbg_opt()

See the introduction of this manual page.

Link to this type

# debug_option()

View Source

    -type debug_option() ::
              trace | log |
              {log, N :: pos_integer()} |
              statistics |
              {log_to_file, FileName :: file:name()} |
              {install,
               {Func :: dbg_fun(), FuncState :: term()} |
               {FuncId :: term(), Func :: dbg_fun(), FuncState :: term()}}.

Link to this type

# format_fun()

View Source (not exported)

    -type format_fun() ::
              fun((Device :: io:device() | file:io_device(), Event :: system_event(), Extra :: term()) ->
                      any()).

Link to this type

# name()

View Source (not exported)

    -type name() :: pid() | atom() | {global, term()} | {via, module(), term()}.

Link to this type

# system_event()

View Source

    -type system_event() ::
              {in, Msg :: _} |
              {in, Msg :: _, State :: _} |
              {out, Msg :: _, To :: _} |
              {out, Msg :: _, To :: _, State :: _} |
              {noreply, State :: _} |
              {continue, Continuation :: _} |
              {postpone, Event :: _, State :: _, NextState :: _} |
              {consume, Event :: _, State :: _, NextState :: _} |
              {start_timer, Action :: _, State :: _} |
              {insert_timeout, Event :: _, State :: _} |
              {enter, Module :: module(), State :: _} |
              {module, Module :: module(), State :: _} |
              {terminate, Reason :: _, State :: _} |
              term().

Debug events produced by `gen_server`, `gen_statem` and `gen_event`

- `{in,Msg}` - Is produced by `gen_server` and `gen_event` when the message `Msg` arrives.

- `{in,Msg,State}` - Is produced by `gen_statem` when the message `Msg` arrives in state `State`.

  For `gen_statem` the `Msg` term is an `{EventType,EventContent}` tuple.

- `{out,Msg,To}` - Is produced by `gen_statem` when the reply `Msg` is sent back to `To` by returning a `{reply,To,Msg}` action from the callback module.

  `To` is of the same type as the first argument to `gen_statem:reply/2`.

- `{out,Msg,To,State}` - Is produced by `gen_server` when the reply `Msg` is sent back to `To` by returning a `{reply,...}` tuple from the callback module.

  `To` is of the same type as the first argument to `gen_server:reply/2`.

  `State` is the new server state.

- `{noreply,State}` - Is produced by `gen_server` when a `{noreply,...}` tuple is returned from the callback module.

  `State` is the new server state.

- `{continue,Continuation}` - Is produced by `gen_server` when a `{continue,Continuation}` tuple is returned from the callback module.

- `{postpone,Event,State,NextState}` - Is produced by `gen_statem` when the message `Event` is postponed in state `State`. `NextState` is the new state.

  `Event` is an `{EventType,EventContent}` tuple.

- `{consume,Event,State,NextState}` - Is produced by `gen_statem` when the message `Event` is consumed in state `State`. `NextState` is the new state.

  `Event` is an `{EventType,EventContent}` tuple.

- `{start_timer,Action,State}` - Is produced by `gen_statem` when the action `Action` starts a timer in state `State`.

- `{insert_timeout,Event,State}` - Is produced by `gen_statem` when a timeout zero action inserts event `Event` in state `State`.

  `Event` is an `{EventType,EventContent}` tuple.

- `{enter,Module,State}` - Is produced by `gen_statem` when module `Module` enters the first state `State`.

- `{module,Module,State}` - Is produced by `gen_statem` when setting module `Module` in state `State`.

- `{terminate,Reason,State}` - Is produced by `gen_statem` when it terminates with reason `Reason` in state `State`.

# Process Implementation Functions

Link to this function

# debug_options(Options)

View Source

    -spec debug_options([Opt :: debug_option()]) -> [dbg_opt()].

Can be used by a process that initiates a debug structure from a list of options. The values of argument `Opt` are the same as for the corresponding functions.

Link to this function

# get_debug(Item, Debug, Default)

View Source
This function is deprecated. sys:get_debug/3 is deprecated; incorrectly documented and only for internal use. Can often be replaced with sys:get_log/1.

    -spec get_debug(Item, Debug, Default) -> term()
                       when Item :: log | statistics, Debug :: [dbg_opt()], Default :: term().

Gets the data associated with a debug option. `Default` is returned if `Item` is not found. Can be used by the process to retrieve debug data for printing before it terminates.

Link to this function

# get_log(Debug)

View Source (since OTP-22.0)

    -spec get_log(Debug) -> [system_event()] when Debug :: [dbg_opt()].

Returns the logged system events in the debug structure, that is the last argument to `handle_debug/4`.

Link to this function

# handle_debug(Debug, FormFunc, Extra, Event)

View Source

    -spec handle_debug(Debug, FormFunc, Extra, Event) -> [dbg_opt()]
                          when
                              Debug :: [dbg_opt()],
                              FormFunc :: format_fun(),
                              Extra :: term(),
                              Event :: system_event().

This function is called by a process when it generates a system event. `FormFunc` is a formatting function, called as `FormFunc(Device, Event, Extra)` to print the events, which is necessary if tracing is activated. `Extra` is any extra information that the process needs in the format function, for example, the process name.

Link to this function

# handle_system_msg(Msg, From, Parent, Module, Debug, Misc)

View Source

    -spec handle_system_msg(Msg, From, Parent, Module, Debug, Misc) -> no_return()
                               when
                                   Msg :: term(),
                                   From :: {pid(), Tag :: _},
                                   Parent :: pid(),
                                   Module :: module(),
                                   Debug :: [dbg_opt()],
                                   Misc :: term().

This function is used by a process module to take care of system messages. The process receives a `{system, From, Msg}` message and passes `Msg` and `From` to this function.

This function never returns. It calls either of the following functions:

- `Module:system_continue(Parent, NDebug, Misc)`, where the process continues the execution.
- `Module:system_terminate(Reason, Parent, Debug, Misc)`, if the process is to terminate.

`Module` must export the following:

- `system_continue/3`
- `system_terminate/4`
- `system_code_change/4`
- `system_get_state/1`
- `system_replace_state/2`

Argument `Misc` can be used to save internal data in a process, for example, its state. It is sent to `Module:system_continue/3` or `Module:system_terminate/4`.

Link to this function

# print_log(Debug)

View Source

    -spec print_log(Debug) -> ok when Debug :: [dbg_opt()].

Prints the logged system events in the debug structure, using `FormFunc` as defined when the event was generated by a call to `handle_debug/4`.

# Callbacks

Link to this callback

# system_code_change(Misc, Module, OldVsn, Extra)

View Source

    -callback system_code_change(Misc, Module, OldVsn, Extra) -> {ok, NMisc}
                                    when
                                        Misc :: term(),
                                        OldVsn :: undefined | term(),
                                        Module :: atom(),
                                        Extra :: term(),
                                        NMisc :: term().

Called from `handle_system_msg/6` when the process is to perform a code change. The code change is used when the internal data structure has changed. This function converts argument `Misc` to the new data structure. `OldVsn` is attribute vsn of the old version of the `Module`. If no such attribute is defined, the atom `undefined` is sent.

Link to this callback

# system_continue(Parent, Debug, Misc)

View Source

    -callback system_continue(Parent, Debug, Misc) -> no_return()
                                 when Parent :: pid(), Debug :: [dbg_opt()], Misc :: term().

Called from `handle_system_msg/6` when the process is to continue its execution (for example, after it has been suspended). This function never returns.

Link to this callback

# system_get_state(Misc)

View Source (since OTP 17.0)

    -callback system_get_state(Misc) -> {ok, State} when Misc :: term(), State :: term().

Called from `handle_system_msg/6` when the process is to return a term that reflects its current state. `State` is the value returned by `get_state/2`.

Link to this callback

# system_replace_state(StateFun, Misc)

View Source (since OTP 17.0)

    -callback system_replace_state(StateFun, Misc) -> {ok, NState, NMisc}
                                      when
                                          Misc :: term(),
                                          NState :: term(),
                                          NMisc :: term(),
                                          StateFun :: fun((State :: term()) -> NState).

Called from `handle_system_msg/6` when the process is to replace its current state. `NState` is the value returned by `replace_state/3`.

Link to this callback

# system_terminate(Reason, Parent, Debug, Misc)

View Source

    -callback system_terminate(Reason, Parent, Debug, Misc) -> no_return()
                                  when Reason :: term(), Parent :: pid(), Debug :: [dbg_opt()], Misc :: term().

Called from `handle_system_msg/6` when the process is to terminate. For example, this function is called when the process is suspended and its parent orders shutdown. It gives the process a chance to do a cleanup. This function never returns.

# Functions

Link to this function

# change_code(Name, Module, OldVsn, Extra)

View Source

    -spec change_code(Name, Module, OldVsn, Extra) -> ok | {error, Reason}
                         when
                             Name :: name(),
                             Module :: module(),
                             OldVsn :: undefined | term(),
                             Extra :: term(),
                             Reason :: term().

Equivalent to `change_code(Name, Module, OldVsn, Extra, 5000)`.

Link to this function

# change_code(Name, Module, OldVsn, Extra, Timeout)

View Source

    -spec change_code(Name, Module, OldVsn, Extra, Timeout) -> ok | {error, Reason}
                         when
                             Name :: name(),
                             Module :: module(),
                             OldVsn :: undefined | term(),
                             Extra :: term(),
                             Timeout :: timeout(),
                             Reason :: term().

Tells the process to change code.

The process must be suspended to handle this message. Argument `Extra` is reserved for each process to use as its own. Function `Module:system_code_change/4` is called. `OldVsn` is the old version of the `Module`.

Link to this function

# get_state(Name)

View Source (since OTP R16B01)

    -spec get_state(Name) -> State when Name :: name(), State :: term().

Equivalent to `get_state(Name, 5000)`.

Link to this function

# get_state(Name, Timeout)

View Source (since OTP R16B01)

    -spec get_state(Name, Timeout) -> State when Name :: name(), Timeout :: timeout(), State :: term().

Gets the state of the process.

> #### Note

> These functions are intended only to help with debugging. They are provided for convenience, allowing developers to avoid having to create their own state extraction functions and also avoid having to interactively extract the state from the return values of `get_status/1` or `get_status/2` while debugging.

The value of `State` varies for different types of processes, as follows:

- For a `gen_server` process, the returned `State` is the state of the callback module.
- For a `gen_statem` process, `State` is the tuple `{CurrentState,CurrentData}`.
- For a `gen_event` process, `State` is a list of tuples, where each tuple corresponds to an event handler registered in the process and contains `{Module, Id, HandlerState}`, as follows:

  - `Module` - The module name of the event handler.

  - `Id` - The ID of the handler (which is `false` if it was registered without an ID).

  - `HandlerState` - The state of the handler.

If the callback module exports a function `system_get_state/1`, it is called in the target process to get its state. Its argument is the same as the `Misc` value returned by `get_status/1,2`, and function `Module:system_get_state/1` is expected to extract the state of the callback module from it. Function `system_get_state/1` must return `{ok, State}`, where `State` is the state of the callback module.

If the callback module does not export a `system_get_state/1` function, `get_state/1,2` assumes that the `Misc` value is the state of the callback module and returns it directly instead.

If the callback module's `system_get_state/1` function crashes or throws an exception, the caller exits with error `{callback_failed, {Module, system_get_state}, {Class, Reason}}`, where `Module` is the name of the callback module and `Class` and `Reason` indicate details of the exception.

Function `system_get_state/1` is primarily useful for user-defined behaviors and modules that implement OTP special processes. The `gen_server`, `gen_statem`, and `gen_event` OTP behavior modules export this function, so callback modules for those behaviors need not to supply their own.

For more information about a process, including its state, see `get_status/1` and `get_status/2`.

Link to this function

# get_status(Name)

View Source

    -spec get_status(Name) -> Status
                        when
                            Name :: name(),
                            Status :: {status, Pid :: pid(), {module, Module :: module()}, [SItem]},
                            SItem ::
                                (PDict :: [{Key :: term(), Value :: term()}]) |
                                (SysState :: running | suspended) |
                                (Parent :: pid()) |
                                (Dbg :: [dbg_opt()]) |
                                (Misc :: term()).

Equivalent to `get_status(Name, 5000)`.

Link to this function

# get_status(Name, Timeout)

View Source

    -spec get_status(Name, Timeout) -> Status
                        when
                            Name :: name(),
                            Timeout :: timeout(),
                            Status :: {status, Pid :: pid(), {module, Module :: module()}, [SItem]},
                            SItem ::
                                (PDict :: [{Key :: term(), Value :: term()}]) |
                                (SysState :: running | suspended) |
                                (Parent :: pid()) |
                                (Dbg :: [dbg_opt()]) |
                                (Misc :: term()).

Gets the status of the process.

The value of `Misc` varies for different types of processes, for example:

- A `gen_server` process returns the state of the callback module.
- A `gen_statem` process returns information, such as its current state name and state data.
- A `gen_event` process returns information about each of its registered handlers.
- A bare `sys` process returns the value passed as `Misc` to `handle_system_message/6`.

Callback modules for `gen_server`, `gen_statem`, and `gen_event` can also change the value of `Misc` by exporting a function `format_status/1`, which contributes module-specific information. For details, see `gen_server:format_status/1`, `gen_statem:format_status/1`, and `gen_event:format_status/1`.

Link to this function

# install(Name, FuncSpec)

View Source

    -spec install(Name, FuncSpec) -> ok
                     when
                         Name :: name(),
                         FuncSpec :: {Func, FuncState} | {FuncId, Func, FuncState},
                         FuncId :: term(),
                         Func :: dbg_fun(),
                         FuncState :: term().

Equivalent to `install(Name, FuncSpec, 5000)`.

Link to this function

# install(Name, FuncSpec, Timeout)

View Source

    -spec install(Name, FuncSpec, Timeout) -> ok
                     when
                         Name :: name(),
                         FuncSpec :: {Func, FuncState} | {FuncId, Func, FuncState},
                         FuncId :: term(),
                         Func :: dbg_fun(),
                         FuncState :: term(),
                         Timeout :: timeout().

Enables installation of alternative debug functions. An example of such a function is a trigger, a function that waits for some special event and performs some action when the event is generated. For example, turning on low-level tracing.

`Func` is called whenever a system event is generated. This function is to return `done`, or a new `Func` state. In the first case, the function is removed. It is also removed if the function fails. If one debug function should be installed more times, a unique `FuncId` must be specified for each installation.

Link to this function

# log(Name, Flag)

View Source

    -spec log(Name, Flag) -> ok | {ok, [system_event()]}
                 when Name :: name(), Flag :: true | {true, N :: pos_integer()} | false | get | print.

Equivalent to `log(Name, Flag, 5000)`.

Link to this function

# log(Name, Flag, Timeout)

View Source

    -spec log(Name, Flag, Timeout) -> ok | {ok, [system_event()]}
                 when
                     Name :: name(),
                     Flag :: true | {true, N :: pos_integer()} | false | get | print,
                     Timeout :: timeout().

Turns the logging of system events on or off. If on, a maximum of `N` events are kept in the debug structure (default is 10).

If `Flag` is `get`, a list of all logged events is returned.

If `Flag` is `print`, the logged events are printed to `standard_io`.

The events are formatted with a function that is defined by the process that generated the event (with a call to `handle_debug/4`).

Link to this function

# log_to_file(Name, Flag)

View Source

    -spec log_to_file(Name, Flag) -> ok | {error, open_file}
                         when Name :: name(), Flag :: (FileName :: string()) | false.

Equivalent to `log_to_file(Name, FileName, 5000)`.

Link to this function

# log_to_file(Name, Flag, Timeout)

View Source

    -spec log_to_file(Name, Flag, Timeout) -> ok | {error, open_file}
                         when Name :: name(), Flag :: (FileName :: string()) | false, Timeout :: timeout().

Enables or disables the logging of all system events in text format to the file. The events are formatted with a function that is defined by the process that generated the event (with a call to `handle_debug/4`). The file is opened with encoding UTF-8.

Link to this function

# no_debug(Name)

View Source

    -spec no_debug(Name) -> ok when Name :: name().

Equivalent to `no_debug(Name, 5000)`.

Link to this function

# no_debug(Name, Timeout)

View Source

    -spec no_debug(Name, Timeout) -> ok when Name :: name(), Timeout :: timeout().

Turns off all debugging for the process. This includes functions that are installed explicitly with function `install/2,3`, for example, triggers.

Link to this function

# remove(Name, FuncOrFuncId)

View Source

    -spec remove(Name, Func | FuncId) -> ok when Name :: name(), Func :: dbg_fun(), FuncId :: term().

Equivalent to `remove(Name, FuncOrFuncId, 5000)`.

Link to this function

# remove(Name, FuncOrFuncId, Timeout)

View Source

    -spec remove(Name, Func | FuncId, Timeout) -> ok
                    when Name :: name(), Func :: dbg_fun(), FuncId :: term(), Timeout :: timeout().

Removes an installed debug function from the process. `Func` or `FuncId` must be the same as previously installed.

Link to this function

# replace_state(Name, StateFun)

View Source (since OTP R16B01)

    -spec replace_state(Name, StateFun) -> NewState
                           when
                               Name :: name(),
                               StateFun :: fun((State :: term()) -> NewState :: term()),
                               NewState :: term().

Equivalent to `replace_state(Name, StateFun, 5000)`.

Link to this function

# replace_state(Name, StateFun, Timeout)

View Source (since OTP R16B01)

    -spec replace_state(Name, StateFun, Timeout) -> NewState
                           when
                               Name :: name(),
                               StateFun :: fun((State :: term()) -> NewState :: term()),
                               Timeout :: timeout(),
                               NewState :: term().

Replaces the state of the process, and returns the new state.

> #### Note

> These functions are intended only to help with debugging, and are not to be called from normal code. They are provided for convenience, allowing developers to avoid having to create their own custom state replacement functions.

Function `StateFun` provides a new state for the process. Argument `State` and the `NewState` return value of `StateFun` vary for different types of processes as follows:

- For a `gen_server` process, `State` is the state of the callback module and `NewState` is a new instance of that state.

- For a `gen_statem` process, `State` is the tuple `{CurrentState,CurrentData}`, and `NewState` is a similar tuple, which can contain a new current state, new state data, or both.

- For a `gen_event` process, `State` is the tuple `{Module, Id, HandlerState}` as follows:

  - `Module` - The module name of the event handler.

  - `Id` - The ID of the handler (which is `false` if it was registered without an ID).

  - `HandlerState` - The state of the handler.

  `NewState` is a similar tuple where `Module` and `Id` are to have the same values as in `State`, but the value of `HandlerState` can be different. Returning a `NewState`, whose `Module` or `Id` values differ from those of `State`, leaves the state of the event handler unchanged. For a `gen_event` process, `StateFun` is called once for each event handler registered in the `gen_event` process.

If a `StateFun` function decides not to effect any change in process state, then regardless of process type, it can return its `State` argument.

If a `StateFun` function crashes or throws an exception, the original state of the process is unchanged for `gen_server`, and `gen_statem` processes. For `gen_event` processes, a crashing or failing `StateFun` function means that only the state of the particular event handler it was working on when it failed or crashed is unchanged; it can still succeed in changing the states of other event handlers registered in the same `gen_event` process.

If the callback module exports a `system_replace_state/2` function, it is called in the target process to replace its state using `StateFun`. Its two arguments are `StateFun` and `Misc`, where `Misc` is the same as the `Misc` value returned by `get_status/1,2`. A `system_replace_state/2` function is expected to return `{ok, NewState, NewMisc}`, where `NewState` is the new state of the callback module, obtained by calling `StateFun`, and `NewMisc` is a possibly new value used to replace the original `Misc` (required as `Misc` often contains the state of the callback module within it).

If the callback module does not export a `system_replace_state/2` function, `replace_state/2,3` assumes that `Misc` is the state of the callback module, passes it to `StateFun` and uses the return value as both the new state and as the new value of `Misc`.

If the callback module's function `system_replace_state/2` crashes or throws an exception, the caller exits with error `{callback_failed, {Module, system_replace_state}, {Class, Reason}}`, where `Module` is the name of the callback module and `Class` and `Reason` indicate details of the exception. If the callback module does not provide a `system_replace_state/2` function and `StateFun` crashes or throws an exception, the caller exits with error `{callback_failed, StateFun, {Class, Reason}}`.

Function `system_replace_state/2` is primarily useful for user-defined behaviors and modules that implement OTP special processes. The OTP behavior modules `gen_server`, `gen_statem`, and `gen_event` export this function, so callback modules for those behaviors need not to supply their own.

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# resume(Name)

View Source

    -spec resume(Name) -> ok when Name :: name().

Equivalent to `resume(Name, 5000)`.

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# resume(Name, Timeout)

View Source

    -spec resume(Name, Timeout) -> ok when Name :: name(), Timeout :: timeout().

Resumes a suspended process.

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# statistics(Name, Flag)

View Source

    -spec statistics(Name, Flag) -> ok | {ok, Statistics}
                        when
                            Name :: name(),
                            Flag :: true | false | get,
                            Statistics :: [StatisticsTuple] | no_statistics,
                            StatisticsTuple ::
                                {start_time, DateTime1} |
                                {current_time, DateTime2} |
                                {reductions, non_neg_integer()} |
                                {messages_in, non_neg_integer()} |
                                {messages_out, non_neg_integer()},
                            DateTime1 :: file:date_time(),
                            DateTime2 :: file:date_time().

Equivalent to `statistics(Name, Flag, 5000)`.

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# statistics(Name, Flag, Timeout)

View Source

    -spec statistics(Name, Flag, Timeout) -> ok | {ok, Statistics}
                        when
                            Name :: name(),
                            Flag :: true | false | get,
                            Statistics :: [StatisticsTuple] | no_statistics,
                            StatisticsTuple ::
                                {start_time, DateTime1} |
                                {current_time, DateTime2} |
                                {reductions, non_neg_integer()} |
                                {messages_in, non_neg_integer()} |
                                {messages_out, non_neg_integer()},
                            DateTime1 :: file:date_time(),
                            DateTime2 :: file:date_time(),
                            Timeout :: timeout().

Enables or disables the collection of statistics. If `Flag` is `get`, the statistical collection is returned.

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# suspend(Name)

View Source

    -spec suspend(Name) -> ok when Name :: name().

Equivalent to `suspend(Name, 5000)`.

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# suspend(Name, Timeout)

View Source

    -spec suspend(Name, Timeout) -> ok when Name :: name(), Timeout :: timeout().

Suspends the process. When the process is suspended, it only responds to other system messages, but not other messages.

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# terminate(Name, Reason)

View Source (since OTP 18.0)

    -spec terminate(Name, Reason) -> ok when Name :: name(), Reason :: term().

Equivalent to `terminate(Name, Reason, 5000)`.

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# terminate(Name, Reason, Timeout)

View Source (since OTP 18.0)

    -spec terminate(Name, Reason, Timeout) -> ok when Name :: name(), Reason :: term(), Timeout :: timeout().

Orders the process to terminate with the specified `Reason`. The termination is done asynchronously, so it is not guaranteed that the process is terminated when the function returns.

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# trace(Name, Flag)

View Source

    -spec trace(Name, Flag) -> ok when Name :: name(), Flag :: boolean().

Equivalent to `trace(Name, Flag, 5000)`.

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# trace(Name, Flag, Timeout)

View Source

    -spec trace(Name, Flag, Timeout) -> ok when Name :: name(), Flag :: boolean(), Timeout :: timeout().

Prints all system events on `standard_io`. The events are formatted with a function that is defined by the process that generated the event (with a call to `handle_debug/4`).